Link to analytical problem solving:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/azarinte.htm

International Conflict Resolution, Edward Azar and John Burton

This is a summary of a book which discusses the analytical problem solving approach to international conflicts. Note: this summary was originally written for a project on environmental conflicts, but it is even more applicable to this material.

Link to other human needs and needs-based framing:http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/90-4.htm

Toward a Sociology of Security - Kevin Clements

This paper explores the nature of security and its role in conflict production and resolution.

Link to defense, collective security, and other human needs

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/90-8.htm

Toward Common Security in Central America - Paul Wehr

This paper explains the history, theory, and implementation of common security as an alternative to deterrence and other competitive or aggressive approaches to security.

Link to legislative processes-where is this?! and negotiation

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/92-5.htm

Conflict Resolution Theory and its Application in Legislative Negotiations on Moral Issues: a Case Study of the Civil Rights Acts of 1990 and 1991 - Rita J. Kummer

This paper explores the applicability of integrative conflict resolution theory and practice to the American legislative process in the case of moral conflicts. The focus is on the American civil rights debate in the 1990s.

Link to oversight and credibility demonstrations:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-1.htm

The Smuggler Mountain Technical Advisory Committee: A Prototype Procedure for Resolving Some Superfund Conflicts - Willard Chappell

Smuggler Mountain is a housing development in Colorado that was contaminated with lead from past mining activities. This paper describes a conflict resolution process undertaken to resolve a bitter conflict over appropriate levels of and techniques for hazardous waste cleanup.

Links to nonviolent struggle, goal clarification, tactical escalation, and power strategy mix:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-10.htm

Constructive Demonstration Strategies - Homer Page

Page has been involved in advocacy activities for over 30 years. In this paper he discusses the importance of clearly defining the goals of one's activities, and how tactical escalation of a conflict can work to one's advantage, how demonstrations relate to negotiation efforts.

Link to incrementalism

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/93-11.htm

The Evolution of Property Rights: Incremental Change, and the Progressive Resolution of Intractable Conflict - Larry MacDonnell

This paper traces the evolution of the concept of property rights in the U.S. legal system, and uses this evolution to illustrate how intractable conflicts can be successfully addressed incrementally.

Link to consensus building

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-12.htm

The Upper Colorado River Basis Endangered Fish Recovery Initiative - John Hamill

This paper describes a consensus building process between governmental agencies, environmental groups and recreational groups.

insert in dealing with uncertainty, legal (judicial) processes

pre-negotiation, joint fact-finding, and consensus building

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-13.htm

Handling Confrontation: Negotiated Adaptive Management

This paper contracts the legal/regulatory model of environmental management with a more flexible, negotiation-based model for managing resources and making environmental decisions.

insert in Empowerment, and public participation

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-16.htm

When Are Not-in-My-Backyard-Conflicts the Desirable Result of Community Empowerment

This paper looks at the positive aspects of conflicts over the appropriate siting of undesirable facilities-often called NIMBY conflicts for "not in my backyard!"

Insert in public participation, compensation, and training

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-17.htm

Positive Incentives for Resolving NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) Conflicts

This paper examines the use of compensation as a method for resolving conflicts over the placement of unwanted facilities. It also discusses the role of public participation in such siting decisions and stresses the importance of negotiation training for all disputants.

Insert in mediation, arbitration, negotiation, and constructive confrontation

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-19.htm

Intractable Conflicts and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - Mark Appel

This paper examines the utility of mediation, arbitration, and negotiation (together referred to as ADR) for the constructive confrontation of intractable conflicts. Although these techniques do not make the conflicts disappear, they can make them more constructive, Appel argues.

Also insert the same paper in dehumanization with the following two-liner:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-19.htm

Intractable Conflicts and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - Mark Appel

This paper points out the importance of dehumanization in legitimizing the use of violent force.

Insert in mediation, communication skills, inflammatory statements

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-20.htm

Lessons from Mediation: An Examination of disputant Behaviors During Mediation and Their Possible Application to Seemingly Intractable Conflicts - Tom Sebok

In this paper Sebok reflects on years of mediating interpersonal disputes. He lists a variety of things disputants do and say that tend to block agreement, and things that they do or say that contributes to an agreement. While he acknowledges that intractable conflicts are more challenging that the typical kinds of disputes he deals with in the ombuds office, he suggests that similar kinds of problems can make intractable conflicts worse, and similar solutions might make them more constructive.

Link to cross-cultural communication, training, and empowerment

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-24.htm

Leadership Training As a Tool For Confronting Racial and Ethnic Conflicts - Estevan Flores

In this article, Flores discusses the importance of leadership training to improve skills in multicultural discourse and problem solving.

Insert in advocacy

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-26.htm

Constructive Confrontation: Nuts and bolts Advice for Activists - Ricky Wiser

Ricky Wiser is a long time environmental advocate who gives wise advice on how to effectively influence decision makers without making them angry.

Insert in public participation:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-3.htm

Improving Toxic Materials Conflict through Improved Public Participation - Janine Wilson

This article describes the public participation process used to address public fears about toxic waste issues.

Insert in role of the church

This article shows how churches can mobilize public opinion to influence the progress of a conflict and its resolution.

Insert in empowerment

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-31.htm

Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: Lessons for Mediators - Donald Bossart

This article illustrates that equal power is critical for successful negotiation and mediation. It examines the empowerment process that allowed the successful transition from white to black rule in Zimbabwe.

Insert in lack of understanding the opponent's perspective

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-31.htm

Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: Lessons for Mediators - Donald Bossart

This article highlights the misconceptions about the opponent and the conflict itself in white-ruled Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe.)

Insert in neglecting costs and risks of using force

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-31.htm

Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: Lessons for Mediators - Donald Bossart

This article illustrates how inaccurate parties' perceptions can be regarding the effectiveness (or ease) of using force

Insert in mediation

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/93-32.htm

Dealing with the Shift from Interstate to Intrastate Confrontation - Ved Nanda

This paper illustrates how mediation can be used to negotiate deep-rooted, value-based intrastate conflicts.

Insert in inflammatory media

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/93-7.htm

The Role of the Media In Reporting Less-Tractable Conflicts - a Discussion with Jerry Bell, Dave Lougee, and Clifford May.

This article reports on a roundtable discussion between three Denver, Colorado area news people about the role of the media in reporting escalated and intractable conflicts.

Insert in commonality/common ground

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-10.htm

Confronting Group Differences and Commonalities in a Diverse Society - Silke Hansen

This article points out that commonalities can be negative as well as positive, but that ways can be found to bring diverse groups together if they work on cooperation, rather than competition.

Insert in overly competitive approaches to a conflict

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-10.htm

Confronting Group Differences and Commonalities in a Diverse Society - Silke Hansen

This article illustrates that overly competitive approaches to racial and ethnic conflicts can have detrimental effects.

Insert in empowerment

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-10.htm

Confronting Group Differences and Commonalities in a Diverse Society - Silke Hansen

This article highlights the importance of empowerment to successful conflict resolution.

Also insert in empowerment:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-15.htm

Constructive Confrontation Strategies: thoughts of a Greenpeace Activist - Jack Mento

This article describes how one peace and environmental activist in the U.S. increased his own power and utilized that to successfully confront the justice system.

Also insert in empowerment-and in coalition-building (did guy add that?):

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-17.htm

Collaborative Activism: a Means to Build Power and Overcome Fear - Edelle Corrine

This talk, given by a long-time peace and human rights activist in the U.S. explains how coalition building can help build power.

Insert in third-party intervention:

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-2.htm

Confronting Post-Cold War Ethnic Conflicts: Alternatives to Intervention - Paul Wehr

This essay discusses the benefits and limitations of international intervention in intergroup conflict.

Insert in nonviolent struggle, neglecting the costs and risks of using force, assuming force is the only possible response, and peacekeeping

http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/ALLCRCDocs/94-3.htm

Nonviolent Peacekeeping: The Only Alternative - Robin Crews

In this presentation, Crews argues that violence cannot solve intergroup conflicts, that nonviolent approaches are the only options that stand to succeed.

Link to transformative mediation

Transformative Mediation by Heidi Burgess and Guy Burgess

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/tmall.htm

The set of articles available at this location describe Baruch Bush and Joe Folger's concept of transformative mediation, compare it to problem solving mediation, and discuss the key components of empowerment and recognition in detail.

also link to transformative mediation:

The Promise of Mediation by Baruch Bush and Joe Folger

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/bushbook.htm

Link to conflict transformation, reconciliation, and peacebuilding (3 different entries).:

Conflict Transformation by Heidi Burgess and Guy Burgess

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/jplall.htm

The set of articles available at this location describe John Paul Lederach's concept of conflict transformation, discuss its components (peace, justice, truth, mercy, and reconciliation, and describe how these relate to peacebuilding).

Link to anger management:

Amodeo, John and Kris Wentworth, "Working With Anger"

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/amodeo.htm

This article discusses healthy and unhealthy ways of expressing anger.

Link to conflict transformation

Kriesberg, Louis. "Transforming Conflicts in the Middle East
and Central Europe"

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/kriesbergtran.htm

This article presents to case studies--one of the Middle East and the other of Central Europe after World War II.  Kriesberg describes efforts directed at prevention of conflict, and conflict transformation.

Chupp, Mark. "Conflict Transformation: A Spiritual Process"



http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/chupp.htm

This article discusses the spiritual aspects of conflict transformation, especially the internal, relational and structural changes it brings about.

 

Diamond, Louise. "Beyond win/Win: The Heroic Journey of
Conflict Transformation"

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/diamond.htm

This papers distinguishes between conflict resolution, conflict management, and conflict transformation.  It describes conflict transformation as a five step process which enables disputants to "discover peace."

Link to reconciliation

Kraybill, Ron. "The Cycle of Reconciliation"

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/kraybill.htm

This article describes Kraybill's theory of the reconciliation cycle, developed while he was working in South Africa.

Link to reconciliation if it is not in there already:

Lederach, John Paul. "The Meeting Place"

http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/jplchpt.htm

This article describes the relationships between peace, truth, justice, and mercy, and how they all interact to yield reconciliation.

Link to analytical problem solving


Burton, John W. "Conflict Resolution as A Political
Philosophy" http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/burton.htm

This article discusses the difference between dispute settlement and conflict resolution, between politically "realistic" approaches to conflict and problem solving approaches to conflict.

 
Kelman, Herbert C. "Informal Mediation by the Scholar
Practitioner." http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/kelman.htm and

Kelman, Herbert, "Interactive Problem-Solving: A
Social-Psychological Approach to Conflict Resolution."
http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/kelminte.htm

These two articles describe Kelman's approach to anlytical problem solving.

 

Montville, Joseph. "The Healing Function in Political Conflict  http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/montville.htm

This article describes the apology and forgiveness that must occur before conflicts can be transformed.


Resolution" Rothman, Jay. From Confrontation to Cooperation
http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/rothfrom.htm

This book describes three approaches to conflicts:  adversarial, reflective, and integrative.  The integrative approach proposed is essentially analytical problem solving (though Rothman uses a different term).

 

Link to Dialgoue

Chasin, Richard, Margaret Herzig, Sallyann Roth, Laura
Chasin, Carol Becker, and Robert Stains, Jr. "From Diatribe
to Dialogue on Divisive Public Issues: Approaches Drawn
from Family Therapy."  http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/chasin.htm

This is a summary of an article describing the Public Conversation Project's approach to dialogue.


Gerard, Glenna and Linda Teurfs. "Dialogue and
Organizational Transformation" http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/gerard.htm

This article describes how dialgoue can be used to transform organizational cultures and build community.

 

Rothman, Jay. "Reflexive Dialogue as Transformation" http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/rothman.htm
Rothman describes his approach to intervention in identity conflicts
as facilitating reflexive dialogue. He sees reflexive dialogue as a form
of transformative conflict resolution.

Link to Dialogue Processes, Active Listening, and Dialogic Listening (it may already be in dialogic listening)


Stewart, John, and Milt Thomas. "Dialogic Listening; Scupting
Mutual Meanings" http://www.Colorado.edu/conflict/transform/stewart.htm

This article describes and alternative to active listening that is more interactive.